Highlights from the Pontydysgu Studio – Learning lessons from key projects

April 20th, 2018 by Pekka Kamarainen

In my previous post I wrote down some memories of the so-called Pontydysgu Studio in Bremen, now that that ‘studio’ has been closed and the Pontydysgu activities are continued mainly in Wales (Pontydysgu Ltd) and in Spain (Pontydysgu SL). With that post I tried to give an overview on the work with multimedia (in general) and as a part of our joint projects. With this post I want to give the floor to key actors of Pontydysgu – Jenny Hughes and Graham Attwell. In the year 2012 I made some video interviews for my project of that time. In the interviews with Jenny and Graham I asked them to tell what they had learned in some of their key projects and how these lessons could be taken further to possible successor projects.

Jenny: The continuing learning process through different TACCLE projects

Among the Pontydysgu-led or -supported projects the series of TACCLE projects is a clear success story. It started with the first TACCLE project (Teachers’ Aids on Creating Content for Learning Environments) that prepared an E-learning handbook for teachers classroom teachers. In the Taccle2 project the work was differentiated to address different subject areas and alongside them the primary education teachers. In the Taccle3 the emphasis on teaching programming and coding for school children. And the (so far) newest project Taccle4 focuses on developing materials and media to support continuing professional development of teachers and trainers in different educational sectors. The following two interviews were recorded already in 2012, so the it was not quite clear, in what order the successor projects would come up, but the vision was clear – this work merits to be continued.

Graham: Lessons from predecessor projects – conclusions for the Learning Layers project

In the videos above  Jenny discussed a clear continuum of projects and a training and learning strategy that was developed further in the successive steps. In this respect the interviews with Graham were somewhat different. Firstly, they covered a longer period and a wider range of projects in which very different experiences could be made. Secondly, in the latter videos they focused on comparing the predecessor projects with the forthcoming Learning Layers project. Therefore, I have selected the two latest videos for this post – the discussion on the immediate predecessor project and the shift of emphasis to the new project. Here it is worthwhile to note what challenges Graham brought into discussion and how he expected us to meet the challenges.

I think this is enough of these highlights. To me, both sets of videos have very timely messages for our current projects. I Jenny’s case we are talking of the Taccle4 project to support continuing professional development of teachers and trainers. In Graham’s case we are talking about the successor activities of the Learning Layers project and its construction pilot – now that we can build upon the Learning Toolbox (LTB) that was developed in the project. Yet, the message  – that we have to meet the challenges of the construction sector partners in their complexity – is very valid. And at the same time we have to be able to address these needs by customising the LTB and by complementary measures – training, introduction of additional software solutions and by participative co-design processes. This work is still going on.

More blogs to come …

Bye bye “Pontydysgu Studio” – good luck Pontydysgu Ltd & Pontydysgu SL!

April 20th, 2018 by Pekka Kamarainen

Pontydysgu headquarters in Pontypridd, Wales and ‘Pontydysgu Studio’ as its filial in Bremen – that is how we have experienced it quite a long time. The name “Pontydysgu Studio” was used by Graham Attwell and Dirk Stieglitz when they worked with projects that had a radio program as its major contribution. Altogether, the years when that ‘studio’ was used, they were to a great extent characterised by multimedia, radio and video productions, e-learning … all this as a support for learning in the context of work. But then came the time for changes. Pontydysgu Ltd will continue as usual, but next to it there is the Valencia-based Pontydysgu SL. And alongside these changes the “Pontydysgu Studio” was closed. This week Graham and several friends have emptied it and closed that chapter of Pontydysgu history. Bye bye Pontydysgu Studio, good luck with Pontydysgu Ltd and Pontydysgu SL! I give the word to Paul McCartney to spell out his greetings:

Memories of the “Pontydysgu Studio” and of our joint activities of that era

My earliest memories on working in and with this Pontydysgu Studio go to the years 2004-2005 just before I started working in ITB and the University of Bremen (but had already got the status of Visiting Fellow). Graham had already become a renown blogger with his “Wales-Wide-Web” and he was promoting Open Source software in Education. We remember the pioneering project SIGOSSEE that brought several key actors together. And in the next phase the successor project Bazaar started to look at possibilities to spread out Open Educational Resources by different stalls under the common umbrella of the Bazaar. However, the greatest success story of this project was the radio program “Sounds of the Bazaar” that was continued in several successor projects. And it was then followed by other similar radio initiatives like the conference radio programs for Online Educa Berlin (OEB) or European Conference on Educational Research (ECER). During these years several radio interviews were also made with international guests visiting the Pontydysgu Studio – I still remember the interviews with Ji Li and Tien Je from Beijing, Nikitas from Athens, Lewis and Libby from Melbourne and several others.

But our cooperation was not only about multimedia, there were many research & development projects and initiatives in the field of vocational education and training (VET). Here it is worthwhile to mention that Graham had been recognised as a life-time Visiting Fellow (Gastwissenschaftler) of ITB. So, research in VET had a high priority. However, thanks to Graham and Dirk, the web and multimedia components started to play a greater role in these projects – one after another. And when these components started to become increasingly important, the projects became ‘learning laboratories’ for the research partners as well. Here I try to give a more or less comprehensive overview of projects or initiatives in which we (me and my ITB colleagues) have worked together with Pontydysgu during those years. After the acronym of the project and a nutshell description I have added in brackets the work with multimedia and web resources:

  • WLP – Workplace Learning Partnerships (Project website that was enriched with project blog, project wiki and a gallery of video interviews and external video clips);
  • TTplus – Framework for training of trainers (Conceptual and field-oriented project, summarised in a project wiki);
  • iKoopNet – Initiative for a networked project to introduce e-portfolios and digital tools to vocational learning (was given up because the leading industrial partner was hit severely by the economic crisis);
  • “Trainers in Europe” (EuroTrainer 2) – A network activity based on a Europe-wide consortium to promote networking among workplace trainers and trainers of training centres (Creation of a network platform with many communication and sharing functions);
  • “Consultation seminars” – Europe-wide series of ‘regional’ consultation seminars (for different stakeholders) to discuss the role of common frameworks for promoting professional development of trainers (Web platform to bring together the results of different regional workshops; enriched with video material from the latest workshops);
  • Euronet-PBL – promoting practice-based learning as a work-related learning component in higher education with focus on three domains – engineering, business management, vocational teacher education (Web platform enriched with project blog and a number of video interviews with partners and students);
  • Politics – promoting learning about politics by means of storytelling, media commentaries and informal learning (Creation of a single platform with sections using multiple languages and with different kinds of ‘educational resources’, ‘competitions’ and storytelling components);
  • Coop-PBL in VET – transnational project for sharing knowledge on problem- and project-based learning in VET with support of specific learning software and ‘virtual community’ section (Pontydysgu was not a partner but supported me in producing a large section of video interviews into the ‘virtual community’);
  • Learning Layers – Major European research, technology and development (RTD) project funded from EU FP7 with a several technical, research-oriented and intermediate partners as well as application partners from two pilot sectors (construction and healthcare); the aim was to support learning and knowledge processes in SMEs with the help of widely usable digital tools (that networked web resources and were available as mobile apps). (Pontydsygu was leading the work package in which the digital toolset “Learning Toolbox (LTB” was initiated, developed and piloted in a highly participative and interactive process).

I guess this is enough of the memories and of the project history. A lot of working and learning was involved in those activities that in many respects were linked to this famous “Pontydysgu Studio” (and to its extension, the “Pontydysgu Meeting Room” further down at Horner Strasse). Those were the days, but times – they are a-cha-anging as the old song tells us. So, we say goodbye to the Pontydysgu Studio with good memories in our minds and wish all the best to Pontydysgu Ltd and Pontydysgu SL in the new situation.

More blogs to come …

 

TACCLE 4 CPD – Developing continuing professional development for teacher trainers

December 9th, 2017 by Pekka Kamarainen

At the end of November we had the kick-off meeting of the new Erasmus Plus project “TACCLE 4 – CPD” hosted by ITB at the University of Bremen. This project is a new kind of follow-up of a series of projects with the brand name ‘TACCLE’. So, let us firstly have a look at the development of these projects.

The TACCLE projects as support for teachers who are developing online learning

TACCLE 1 took the pioneering task to prepare a handbook as “Teachers’ aids for creating content for e-learning”. The result was a generic handbook that informed of basic web tools and online learning resources and equipped teachers to use them.

TACCLE 2 shifted the emphasis to work with online handbooks that were targeted for teachers in different subject areas as well as to primary school teachers.

These projects were also supported by specific TACCLE courses funded by the Comenius and Grundtvig programmes.

TACCLE 3 shifted the emphasis to teaching programming and coding for school children and worked mainly with the project website.

More information on the two first generations of TACCLE projects is availble on the video interviews with Jenny Hughes (recorded for the Coop-PBL in VET project in 2012):

Jenny Hughes on TACCLE 1 project: Getting teachers to produce their own web content (Part1)

Jenny Hughes on TACCLE 2 project: Reaching out to new teacher groups and subject areas (Part2)

TACCLE 4 project as support for teacher trainers with focus on technology-enhanced learning and online resources

Looking back, the earlier TACCLE projects have been successful and even more the TACCLE courses. This had created a demand for courses, workshops etc. based on the projects and their materials. This gave rise to a new project that focuses on practitioners who are developing  Continuing Professional Development (CPD) initiatives for teachers and trainers in different educational sectors. From this point of view the TACCLE 4 – CPD project was shaped to draw upon the prior experiences and to expand the work from school-based education to other educational sectors – Adult Education (AE) and Vocational Education and Training. From this perspective the project was based on a limited number of partner organisations, some of which had been involved in the previous ones and some bringing new countries and/or educational sectors into the picture.

For our institute – ITB – this project is an opportunity to draw upon the experiences of multimedia training and co-design of digital tools (mainly for construction sector) in the Learning Layers project (2012 – 2016). In the kick-off meeting we presented the work with the Learning Toolbox (LTB) and the follow-up activities in different contexts:

  1. In the initial VET the HAKS project with craft trade companies and by the informal working groups of Bau-ABC trainers;
  2. In the continuing vocational training by the DigiProB project that is developing a new software ecology that links together the course management and (via moodle) the trainers’ curriculum design platform (WordPress) and the learners’ interface (LTB):
  3. In the designed project ProBauKo and in a prior feasibility study the ITB team and the LTB developers have explored the possibility to link the use of LTB to company-specific knowledge processes and learning opportunities.

In the TACCLE 4 – CPD project we have to see, how to link these working perspectives (and the role of vocational schools) to the way in which the TACCLE projects have supported training of teachers and trainers. I am looking forward to an interesting period of work.

More blogs to come …

Reports on ECER’15 Budapest – Part One: The symposium of LL, Kompetenzwerkst@tt and Employ-ID

September 15th, 2015 by Pekka Kamarainen

My recent posts have been reports on the Bremen International VET conference (2.9.-4.9.2015). The very next week many of the participants met again in the European Conference on Educational Research (ECER’15) in Budapest (8.9.-11.9.2015). Here again, I will start my reporting on the session that was initiated by our EU-funded Learning Layers (LL) project. Then, I will give reports on some other sessions that were based on similar intervention research projects. Finally, I will make some comments on the conference (or on the program of the VETNET network) as a whole and on the general assembly of the VETNET network.

Learning Layers works together with Kompetenzwerkst@tt and Employ-ID

This year our plan was to have a joint symposium between the LL project and two neighbouring projects – the German project “Kompetenzwerkst@tt” and the European project “Employ-ID” with which we already had a joint session in the Bremen conference (see my previous posts). We also took into attention the conference theme “Education and transition – contributions from educational research” and developed our own ideas, how this could be applied to the three projects that we brought into joint session. For us – in this session – transition was related to evolution of project ideas and conquering new terrains for research & development work.

Originally we had submitted another proposal for a research workshop to discuss evaluation issues in complex European projects that promote users’ competences in digital media, web tools and mobile technologies. Due to clashes with other duties we had to withdraw this session (with the hope that we can get back to this topic some other time).

Kompetenzwerkst@tt proceeds to e-learning software and e-portfolios

We started with the Kompetenzwerkst@tt project that has the longest history to build upon. The literal translation “Competence workshop” hardly reveals the project idea and the connotative meanings of ‘competence’ in German language. Initially, the project started as a curriculum development project to base vocational learning on holistic approaches to occupational fields of activity (Handlungsfelder) and characteristic Working and Learning Tasks (Lern- und Arbeitsaufgaben (LAAs)). The process of analysing the fields of activity and specifying characteristic WLTs had been practiced in different occupational contexts and in transitional training contexts. This had led to the phase of preparing a series of handbooks covering the conceptual foundations, the methodologies, different spin-off innovations and the occupational fields that have been piloted so far.

In the presentation of Falk Howe and Werner Müller (both from ITB) the main thrust was given on the development of e-portfolios in the context of the Kompetenzwerks@att approach. They gave a brief overview of the previous stages of the project and then illustrated, how the previous work (on the fields of activity and working and learning tasks) was reflected in the structure of software and in the pedagogic support for learners. In this way we got an idea, how the e-portfolio can be used in retrospective sense (for documenting already acquired experiences and learning gains) and in prospective sense (for shaping and illustrating learning scenarios).

Learning Layers proceeds from apprentice training to continuing vocational training

In the case of our LL project we had a shorter project history as our starting point. In our case  we had started with our pilot activities in the construction sector with the training centre Bau-ABC with special attention on apprentice training. Therefore, the co-design processes that we initiated were firstly focusing on digitisation of training/learning materials. Then, in a further iteration we shifted the emphasis to Learning Toolbox – a framework for managing contents, apps, web resources and communications via mobile devices. Now, in the current phase of project (when we still have to do a lot of field testing and exploitation of results) we need to look for spin-off projects.

In our joint presentation I covered firstly the work within the LL project and gave a picture of its evolutionary phases. Then I gave some insights into the Learning Toolbox and its functionality and into the search for appropriate spin-off projects with emphasis on continuing vocational training (CVT). In the second part of our presentation Ludger Deitmer gave an overview on the CVT framework in the German construction sector with three different levels: Foreman (Vorarbeiter), Specialised site manager (Werkpolier) and general site manager (Geprüfte Polier). In our current project initiative we focus on the new training regulation of the general site managers. In addition to their traditional introductory courses they are required to complete situational tasks and a comprehensive project report. With these last mentioned tasks they are expected to demonstrate their occupational and managerial competences. In the third part of our presentation Werner Müller discussed some restrictions, barriers and challenges to our project work in construction sector (in general) and in the learning contexts of apprentices and more advanced craftsmen. He concluded the presentation with an innovation map (to guide us) and with some open questions.

Employ-ID piloting with  MOOCs for Public Employment Services – lessons for others?

The third project in the symposium – Employ-ID – focuses on the changes in the public employment services (PES) in Europe (with major pilots initiated in the UK). The background of the project is in the changing role of PES organisations due to changes in working life and occupations. Whilst the previous model was to select and guide the right people to appropriate jobs, the current changes have shifted the focus completely. Now these services are required to produce and process data of changing labour markets and employment prospects for different target groups and stimulate initiatives for employment and self-employment. Moreover, they are required to prove their efficiency and to cope with policies towards privatisation or semi-privatisation. Yet, they are to comply with the strict guidelines of data security and data protection.

In the light of the above Graham Attwell had to give us a lot of background information to bring us to the central theme of his presentation – to pilot with adapted MOOCs (Massively open online courses) in the British public employment services (as the first pilot). This mode of staff training was selected since the time pressures and financial constraints are making it difficult to implement traditional forms of staff training. Moreover, it appears to be difficult to make use of (individual) learning gains in an organisational context. From this point of view the project team participated in external MOOCs and then designed a pilot MOOC with a more interactive and discursive nature. In the implementation the number of participants and the openness of pilot were reduced. Yet, the technology of the major British MOOC provider Futurelearn was used. Altogether the pilot seemed to have been well received by the participants due to its actively interactive character. Yet, the participant’s report by Jenny Hughes (who had been involved both as a trainer and as a learner) indicated that the current technology still is far from mature stage.

Altogether, it appeared that we had gathered into a joint symposium three projects that have a lot to learn from each other. This is even more striking since the persons are working side by side or (as some of us are) crossing the boundaries of the two projects. We noticed that the e-portfolio application of Kompetenzwerkst@tt very well complements the Learning Toolbox. We also noticed that the functionality of Learning Toolbox may essentially enhance the Kompetenzwerkst@tt. And the lessons from the pilot MOOCs are important insights for the forthcoming pilots in vocational education and workplace training.

I think this is enough of our symposium. In the next blog post I will focus on similar sessions with interactive research and ‘stealthy’ interventions.

More blogs to come …

Wales National Digital Learning Event 2015

July 15th, 2015 by Angela Rees

Jen and I went along to the National Digital Learning Event and Awards in Cardiff earlier in June. We handed out Taccle books and went to some workshops. There were a few to choose from but I attended a technocamps session which explored some ways of teaching computer science using lego bricks, (build a simple lego structure, now explain to your partner how to build an identical structure without them seeing what you have built) using people, (direct your person around the room using simple commands) and using Cargo Bot. I like what technocamps do, kit like Lego Mindstorms is pretty expensive, so they take the kit around to secondary schools and colleges across Wales for one day workshops. For lots of ideas about how to teach computing, coding and programming for the rest of the year you could check out the Taccle2 blog and the Babitech page.

In the afternoon I had fun playing with Sonic Pi , which uses code for composing and performing music, you can see me in the video below (just after the 2 minute mark) getting flustered because there was a mistake in my loop. Don’t let that put you off, it was really good fun and a great way to get instant and useful results form your code.

[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRq1W7ffdDE?rel=0]

The best thing about the day was seeing the great things being done across Wales with Ponty locals Big Click scooping the Commercial Digital Project Award
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRVhWD9sjkY?rel=0]

You can see all of the other inspirational kids and teachers getting their tech on at the Hwb website with projects like e-safety, coding with minecraft, creating an interactive local map and staging a robot wars competition.

Keep an eye out for next years entries, Welsh kids are good with technology, the competition should be tough!

London Tech Week 2015

July 1st, 2015 by Angela Rees

I had a pretty exciting and busy couple of days in London during their annual technology week. Straight off the train I met Vini from Quizalize which is hands down the best online quiz creator for educators I have used yet with the added bonus feature of live feedback. I don’t think they are embeddable but […]

Kognitywistyka i e-learning 2.0

May 17th, 2010 by Ilona Buchem

Badaniami nad e-learningiem zajmuje się pedagogika, informatyka, psychologia, socjologia, etnografia … oraz kognitywistyka. Czym zajmuje się kognitywistyka i czego od kognitywistyki może nauczyć się e-learning? Na ten temat rozmawiałam z Markiem Goliaszem z Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu oraz autorem bloga mechanikaumyslu.pl. Oto zapis naszej rozmowy:

IB: Czym zajmuje się właściwie kognitywistyka?

MG: Kognitywistyka jest nauką zajmującą się umysłem i jego funkcjami – myśleniem, uczeniem się, językiem, świadomością, emocjami. Jest to nauka o szeroko pojętym poznaniu. Cechą wyróżniającą kognitywistykę jest jej multidyscyplinarność – są w niej wątki psychologiczne, filozoficzne, informatyczne oraz neurobiologiczne.

IB: A jak wykorzystywuje się kognitywistykę w e-learningu?

MG: Jednym z zastosowań kognitywistyki jest problem wizualizacji danych – jak złożone pojęcia przedstawiać tym, którzy spotykają się z nimi po raz pierwszy. Standarowym przykładem wykorzystania nauk poznawczych w e-learningu jest teoria obciążenia poznawczego (cognitive load theory) Johna Swellera. Osobiście uważam, że w e-learningu jest szerokie pole do popisu dla kognitywistyki, ponieważ wiedza ekspercka i technologia nie wystarczą do zbudowania efektywnych środowisk przekazu wiedzy.

IB: Dlaczego nie wystarczają wiedza ekspercka i technologie? Co tutaj proponuje kognitywistyka?

MG: Obserwując sposoby wymiany wiedzy przez internet zauważam, że często eksperci nie przejmują się sposobem przekazu wiedzy, a firmy zajmujące się wdrażaniem e-learningu za bardzo stawiają na zachwycenie kursantów efektami graficznymi. Na mój sposób myślenia o przekazie wiedzy wpłynęło zdanie Cushinga Andersona – “Dobre szkolenie jest zawsze kompromisem między możliwościami percepcyjnymi osoby szkolonej a metodą prezentacji wiedzy i sposobem jej dostarczenia”. Badania kognitywistyczne pozwalają określić owe możliwości percepcyjne.

Jednym z przykładów takich zastosowań jest zasada podwójnego kodowania sformułowana przez Paivio, zgodnie z którą, jesteśmy w stanie efektywniej kodować docierający do nas przekaz, jeśli wykorzystujemy zarówno wzrok jak i słuch. Dalsze badania pokazały, że wzrokowo lepiej kodujemy to, co konkretne, a to, co abstrakcyjne lepiej przyswajami słuchowo. Lepsze kodowanie oznacza w tym kontekście lepsze zapamiętywanie i późniejsze wydobycie z pamięci.

IB: Jakie są dla Pana najbardziej zaskakujące wyniki badań kognitywistycznych?

MG: Myślę, że bardzo ciekawym wynikiem na gruncie kognitywistyki było odkrycie przez Millnera i Goodale dwóch szlaków przetwarzania wzrokowego (two streams hypothesis) – jednego na użytek percepcji, a drugiego na użytek działania. Na poziomie mózgu za każdy z nich odpowiada osobny szlak neuronowy. Badanie to rzutuje na nasz sposób myślenia o percepcji jako o mechanizmie biernego przyswajania tego, co znajduje się na zewnątrz. Coraz więcej współczesnych badań pokazuje, że percepcja służy przede wszystkim sprawnemu działaniu.  Więcej o tym można przeczytać w wydanej przez PWN książce “Mózg wzrokowy w działaniu“. W dziedzinie uczenia się, a więc bliżej zagadnień e-learningu, duży wpływ wywarła na mnie książka Manfreda Spitzera “Jak się uczy mózg“. Autor pisze w niej o tym, że sieci neuronowe w naszym mózgu uczą się bez przerwy. Najbardziej wydajnym sposobem uczenia się jest więc zapoznawanie się z jak największą liczbą przykładów. Spitzer dowodzi, że nasz mózg potrafi sam wyekstrahować z tych przykładów reguły i zasady. Czyż nie jest to znaczący wynik dla metodyków e-learningu i wszystkich zajmujących się nauczaniem?

IB: Jak najbardziej. Mysle, że z wynikami takich badań powinni zaznajomić się wszyscy, którzy zajmują się nauczaniem. Moje kolejne pytanie dotyczy pola badań kognitywistyki. Powiedział Pan, że kognitywistyka zajmuje się percepcją na poziomie indywiduum:

Czy w kognitywistyce jest też nurt, który zajmuje się grupowymi zjawiskami, takimi jak współpraca międzyludzka, kooperacja?

MG: Tak, coraz więcej badaczy zajmuję się takimi zagadnieniami jak poznanie społeczne (social cognition). Przykładem badań w tej dziedzinie jest odkrycie neuronów lustrzanych, czyli takich komórek nerwowych w korze premotorycznej, które aktywują się gdy obserwujemy czynności podejmowanych przez innych. Wyniki te są podstawą do tego, aby zdefiniować na nowo pojęcie empatii. Rozumiem jednak intencję Pani pytania. O tym jak skuteczne jest uczenie się od siebie nawzajem świadczy dynamika rozwoju forów internetowych i list dyskusyjnych. Trudno mi wskazać na konkretne badania, które opisywałyby ten fenomen. Widocznie, jest jeszcze wiele do zrobienia 🙂

IB: Bardzo interesuje mnie właśnie social cognition, distributed cognition. Do tego nawiązuje też moje następne pytanie:

Czy z perspektywy kognitywisktyki jest różnica między e-learningiem 1.0 a e-learningiem 2.0? Czy sieci społeczne zmieniają coś w na poziomie percepcji?

MG: Na początku krótko objaśnię dlaczego trudno wypowiadać się “z punktu widzenia kognitywistyki”. Otóż nauka ta nie ma jednolitego paradygmatu. 30 lat temu kognitywistyczne badania umysłu cechowało założenie  – mózg jako komputer, a umysł jako wykonywany na tym komputerze program. Badania z różnych dziedzin naukowych, szczególnie psychologii i filozofii umysłu, ukazały słabość takiego podejścia. Kognitywistykę należy więc traktować bardziej jako szerokie spektrum badań i badaczy skupionych wokół tematyki funkcji umysłu. Dlatego też często wykluczające się stwierdzenia reprezentują punkt widzenia kognitywistyki.

Mogę więc wyrazić swoje zdanie w oparciu o wiedzę, która składa się na szeroko pojęte nauki poznawcze.  Sądzę, że e-learning 2.0. jest pozytywnym zjawiskiem. Zagrożeniem jakie widzę jest tu jakość przekazywanej wiedzy. O tym jak pogodzić wiarygodność przekazu z zaangażowaniem internautów opowiem na przykładzie projektu student.pl, przy którym aktualnie pracuję. Rzecz polega na udostępnieniu kursu z pewnej dziedziny na kilku poziomach zaawansowania. Główna idea polega na tym, że ci, którzy wiedzą już więcej tzn. ukończyli pierwszy i drugi stopień, dzielą się swoją wiedzą z tymi, którzy dopiero rozpoczynają. Nie wymaga to żadnej szczególnej technologii, wystarczy forum i czat udostępnione w ramach platformy Moodle. Na efekty tego rozwiązania dopiero czekam, ponieważ projekt dopiero startuje.

IB: Co ma Pan na myśli mówiąc “efekty”? Jakie efekty będą przedmiotem badań w tym projekcie?

MG: Efektem będzie to, że kursanci będą chcieli angażować się coraz bardziej w kurs. Z jednej strony będą osiągać kolejne etapy, a z drugiej chętnie i rzetelnie wspierać tych, którzy są na wcześniejszych etapach. Rzetelność tego jak “starsi” wspierają młodszych będzie oceniana przez eksperta przygotowywującego kurs.

IB: Czy na osiągniecie tych efektów, np. zaangażowanie, wymianę i wzajemną pomoc między uczacymi się, mają wpływ jakieś czynniki, którymi zajumje się kognitywistyka?

MG: Tak, moim zadaniem jest właśnie zapewnić odpowiednią formę przekazu. Jednym ze sposobów jest odwołanie się do wiedzy, którą uczestnicy kursu mają “na wejściu”. Chodzi o to, aby używać tam gdzie to najbardziej potrzebne metafor i języka konkretu odwołujących się do codziennych doświadczeń i elementarnej wiedzy. Innym sposobem jest oddziaływanie na głębokość przetwarzania wiedzy. Bardzo często bowiem interakcja to tylko przeciąganie i klikanie. Nie trzeba znać badań psychologicznych, aby wiedzieć, że im lepiej opracujemy materiał, im bardziej się na nim skupimy, tym więcej w nas pozostanie. Środkiem do tego mogą być chociażby zadania polegające na napisaniu dłuższej wypowiedzi na forum czy hasła w słowniku.

IB: W jaki sposób diagnozuje Pan wiedze “na wejsciu” i podejmuje decyzję o tym, jaką metaforę, jaki zwrot językowy zastosować?

MG: Przyznam szczerze, że nie mam tu złotych zasad. Dla mnie punktem wyjścia jest zapewne znana Pani koncepcja metafor Georga Lakoffa, która dała podwaliny językoznawstwa kognitywnego oraz jej rozwinięcia. Lakoff twierdzi, że nasz system pojęciowy jest tak bogaty właśnie dzięki metaforze. Pojęcia abstrakcyjne biorą swój początek z naszych interakcji ze światem, z tego w jaki sposób się poruszamy itd. Stąd też diagnozowanie wiedzy wejściowej nie zawsze jest obowiązkowe, aby używać dobrych metafor. Pozwolę sobie przytoczyć pewną anegdotę o wybitnym fizyku R. Feymanie, którą słyszałem od swojego promotora. Otóż Feyman przysłuchiwał się kiedyś rozmowie dwóch matematyków zajmujących się bodajże topologią. Choć nie znał tematu pozwolił owym matematykom rozwiązać spór, który toczyli. Gdy zapytali go jak to zrobił powiedział, że gdy oni rozmawiali on wyobrażał sobie to co mówią jako wklęśniętą piłkę tenisową. Jest to dla mnie doskonały przykład tego, w jaki sposób metafora jest kluczem do zasobów naszego umysłu.

IB: To bardzo ciekawe zagadnienie: Metafory jako centrum międzyludzkiej komunikacji. Więcej na ten temat przeczytać można w książce “Metafory w naszym życiu”. Dziekuję za tę interesującą rozmowę!

Moje pytanie do czytelnikow: Jak sądzicie, w jakim kierunku powinny zmierzać badania kognitywistyczne, tak aby można było lepiej zrozumieć i zaprojektować procesy związane z sieciami społecznymi i osobistymi środowiskami nauczania się?

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    Racial bias in algorithms

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    This week, Twitter apologised for racial bias within its image-cropping algorithm. The feature is designed to automatically crop images to highlight focal points – including faces. But, Twitter users discovered that, in practice, white faces were focused on, and black faces were cropped out. And, Twitter isn’t the only platform struggling with its algorithm – YouTube has also announced plans to bring back higher levels of human moderation for removing content, after its AI-centred approach resulted in over-censorship, with videos being removed at far higher rates than with human moderators.


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    The gap between poor students and their more affluent peers attending university has widened to its largest point for 12 years, according to data published by the Department for Education (DfE).

    Better-off pupils are significantly more likely to go to university than their more disadvantaged peers. And the gap between the two groups – 18.8 percentage points – is the widest it’s been since 2006/07.

    The latest statistics show that 26.3% of pupils eligible for FSMs went on to university in 2018/19, compared with 45.1% of those who did not receive free meals. Only 12.7% of white British males who were eligible for FSMs went to university by the age of 19. The progression rate has fallen slightly for the first time since 2011/12, according to the DfE analysis.


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    From Raconteur. A recent report by global learning consultancy Kineo examined the learning intentions of 8,000 employees across 13 different industries. It found a huge gap between the quality of training offered and the needs of employees. Of those surveyed, 85 per cent said they , with only 16 per cent of employees finding the learning programmes offered by their employers effective.


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